Diplomacy – a tool of peace
Imagine a world, where all the living beings exist peacefully and do all their activities without harming, it would be a dream, wouldn’t it? However, since the beginning of time, it has been necessary to solve problems that are tragic for modern morality, but because this is something that nature has already suspected, all leaving beings struggle to maintain balance. Now let’s move on to diplomacy. In this essay we will talk about diplomacy in our country and in the other countries. Human being has adapted to all catastrophes of the world, and the reason for this is due to the ability to think and think about the solution of all problems. These possibilities define us as the dominant species. But there are also issues in life, for example: some disputes go out of control and even lead to people’s deaths. Thus, each of us may ask the question, “Is there a way to solve this problem without violence?” This is where diplomacy comes into play. As you can see, all the issues I want to convey to you in this essay are about diplomacy. The best available definition of the concept and meaning of the term diplomacy is published in the Ernst Satow’s Guide: “Diplomacy is the use of intelligence and tact for the conduct of official relations between governments of independent states; or more briefly, driving of business between states by peaceful means. The definition by Nicholson also states: “Diplomacy is the conduct of international relations through negotiations, the way in which those relations are regulated and maintained by ambassadors the work or art of the diplomat”. In addition, diplomacy is a concept that is characterized as an activity that uses intelligence and tactics in the conduct of a foreign state. Specialized agencies that carry out procedures defined as an important element of a diplomat who seeks to protect the interests of the state and its citizens are a work carried out in a peaceful manner. This requires strong knowledge of real education and international life. In short, in addition to playing an important role in nature, diplomacy is a key tool for relations between international participants.
Historically, in the III millennium BC, Turkmenistan has been declared the 5th civilization after Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, and India. So, Turkmenistan has been in direct cooperation with these states since ancient times. I have been interested in the science of history since I was a teenager. I have learned a few things about diplomacy, especially the history of our country and other states. As a result of what I have learned, I would like to point out facts about Turkmenistan’s diplomacy. It can be seen that Turkmenistan’s relations with China date back to ancient times, when the two civilizations met on the Great Silk Road. One was Parthia and the other was Chinese civilization. The Great Silk Road, 12000 kilometers long, began in the 2nd century BC and crossed many branches through the territory of Turkmenistan. Until the 16th century, Turkmenistan played an important role in the main ring of the Great Silk Road – peace, the path of culture, dialogue of different peoples. Prominent academic W.W.Barthold notes that the ancestors of the Parthians – the Turkmens – retained the role of mediator between China and the Roman Empire. The Parthian state was the first state in world history to have political and diplomatic relations with the Chinese and Roman empires. From the end of the 2nd century BC, the number of ambassadors from China to Parthia increased. For the first time in Parthia, Chinese ambassadors began diplomatic relations in 107 BC. Another interesting fact is that Chinese considered the ancestors of the Akhal-Teke horses to be equal to the famous names-dragons. During the Han dynasty, Parthian horses were called “celestial horses” and “winged horses”. All this is evidenced by the scientific work of the Chinese scholar Wang Chensha, “The History of Turkmen Horses in Ancient China” and “The Influence of Akhal-Teke Horses on the Generation of Northwestern Horses of China in 2100 Years”. Many historical books contain interesting information, including one: “Only the countries that support peace are located along the Great Silk Road. Our country has been located at the crossroads of the Great Silk Road since ancient times”. Thus, it can be considered that our state of Turkmenistan is a peace-loving country.
If we want to know where and when diplomacy came into being, we have to look at the ancient history of the whole world. According to historical events, the first place of diplomacy is considered to be the states of the Ancient East (Hittite, Assyrian, Egyptian, Persian, etc.). Relying on the power of non-economic violence, these military-theocratic forces are primarily aimed at overcoming interests in foreign policy: the main purpose of wars is to seize land, slaves, livestock, and plunder neighboring countries. The international issues of the time were usually resolved by the armed forces. However, the countries of the Middle East had to develop diplomatic activity. Diplomatic relations were conducted by the kings themselves. Diplomatic activity in ancient politics has been described in heated talks, regular exchanges of embassies, convening meetings, and concluding defense and offensive alliances. In my opinion, the emergence of diplomacy in occupying states helps peoples to expand as an instinct to get better lands. The work of the diplomacy of the classical Greek states flourished during the Thirty Years’ War between the two largest military – political alliances, the Athenian and the Spartan, in the Battle of the Peloponnese. In the future, more intense diplomacy emerged in the common Greek arena of new forces – the colonial expansion of the Kingdom of Macedonia to the East, which included the unifying tendencies of Greece at the time. And for me, economic relations in these countries are more convenient than wars in order to have more resources. I think this is the reason for the creation of diplomacy. In the West, diplomacy in the Roman Republic was more active in the Second and Third Pun Wars. At the same time, the issue of preserving the integrity of the Roman Empire was resolved through treaties between individual parts of the Roman state. And my last opinion concerns the fact that the development of Roman culture in laws helps with education in the field of science. The first place of origin of diplomacy is considered to be the Hittite Empire. For the first time, the Hittite Empire established diplomatic relations with Armenia. This means that diplomacy originated in the eighteenth and seventeenth centuries BC.
Today, our country has a great role to play in diplomacy. With the declaration of 2021 as the “Year of International Peace and Trust”, Hero Arkadag has taken a number of steps to ensure peace, security and prosperity around the world. On March 4, the former President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov attended the XIV Summit of the Economic Cooperation Organization, held via video call at the invitation of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. As a result of our country’s efforts to ensure peace, security and prosperity around the world, it can be said that our country has a special place in the field of diplomacy.
Now let me discuss about modern diplomacy in our days in the other countries. Today, diplomacy is an important system for maintaining sound relations with all countries of the world. Human nature needs help among countries to avoid evils such as greed, war, anger, inequality, intolerance, irresponsibility, injustice and hatred. As we have seen before, they look only to their own interests, not to the well-being of other countries, but only in countries that look out for their own interests, creating inequality that is rooted in human nature. The struggle for a better land for humans means that hundreds of species of flora and fauna are dying as a result of the abuse of resources not provided to us. Even diplomacy could not avoid such inequalities. Wealth wars between states cause disasters such as famine or loss of families, and although this is not very fair, the answer has always been in diplomacy. However, not all measures are taken to achieve the balance of nature. Those decisions are made by the leaders of the powerful states. When a single person is empowered to lead a country that does not have the right to do so, it covers the whole country, creating disasters to achieve its goals. One of the most pressing issues currently being resolved at summits among nations is related to the consequences of climate change. Since this issue covers a wide range of interests, including peace, economics, and society, a way has been found to address it. But because of all the talks between the nations, these proposals have not been made and the answer is fair. This is because the interests of nations are not focused on this issue and although it looks very bad, there are hundreds of issues such as economic treaties and alliances that allow many families to provide a decent standard of living. Society has one of the biggest problems today. There are things that don’t serve as everything, in this case the monopolies that generate great wealth for the smallest percentage of the population which lives the other percentage unprotected. And without the necessary resources to have enough education to allow participation that generates balance between nations since talking about diplomacy in a world without education is very selfish since although the general good of nations is sought many times. Few are the privileged who take advantage of this type of treatment since there is no cure for the specific problems of all people. What is now really clear is that despite all this, seeking good relations between the different countries is something that today and for the rest of our times will be essential. And for this, not only indifference is needed but mutual help must be sought, which is the key to good relations. As well as the dialogue of all problems those do not allow nations to progress, as well as the search for economic improvement that always generates better environments for everyone. What I am describing as a result of me essay is that in order for all proposals to have effective diplomacy, it is important to fight hard for the goals we believe are right and what we want to bring about today.
by Intizar TAGANNIYAZOVA.